Intel Technology Journal

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Failure Analysis

An Overview of Advanced Failure Analysis Techniques for Pentium® and Pentium® Pro Microprocessors

Software Research

Computer Vision Face Tracking For Use in a Perceptual User Interface

Proving the IEEE Correctness of Iterative Floating-Point Square Root, Divide, and Remainder Algorithms

Multimedia H.323 Standards

Demystifying Multimedia Conferencing Over the Internet Using the H.323 Set of Standards

Characterization of Multimedia Streams of an H.323 Terminal

Lin Chao
Editor
Intel Technology Journal

This Q2'98 issue of the Intel Technology Journal focuses on failure analysis testing methodologies used at Intel and software-based research in computer vision, floating-point operations, and H.323 set of standards for multimedia communications.
Failure analysis is one of the key competencies in Intel and is essential to Intel's steep product ramp and high-volume manufacturing. The first paper in this issue describes failure analysis techniques used to detect and localize flaws in the silicon manufacturing process.
Intel actively pursues technologies that expand computing and telecommunication capabilities in PCs. The other papers in this issue describe new software-based research that contributes to this expansion.
The second paper is on computer vision. Helping computers to "see" is just one aspect of broader research into a "perceptual interface" for PCs where computers can "speak", "sense" touch, and in the case of this paper, "see." This paper describes the development of a 4-degree of freedom color object tracker. Included with this paper are three video clips showing the abilities of the head-tracking software.
Floating-point divide, remainder, and square root are three important operations performed by computers today. The third paper describes research into software alternatives to the hardware implementation of floating-point operations. This paper describes some of the general properties of floating-point computations, and proves the IEEE correctness of iterative algorithms that calculate the square root of a floating-point number.
The fourth and fifth papers describe an important industry standard, H.323, for multimedia communication over packet-based networks. The fourth paper, co-authored by the Chair of the H.323 Interoperability Group, presents an overview of the H.323 core components and functionality. IP telephony is an important industry trend, and the role of H.323 procedures in deploying IP telephony are explained.
The fifth paper presents a characterization of video and audio traffic transported over the Internet by video conferencing applications following the H.323 standards. This paper looks at the multimedia traffic sources of a H.323 terminal. Issues such as packet format and multiplexing of audio and video frames at the host are studied.
We welcome your comments about the Journal and its papers.

Failure Analysis
An Overview of Advanced Failure Analysis Techniques for Pentium and Pentium Pro Microprocessors
by: Yeoh Eng Hong, Lim Seong Leong, Wong Yik Choong, Lock Choon Hou, and Mahmud Adnan
Failure analysis is one of the key competencies in Intel and is essential to Intel's steep product ramp and high-volume manufacturing. The increasing complexity of microprocessors in the form of more complex architecture designs, shrinking transistor feature sizes, and new packaging technologies has significantly increased the challenge for failure analysis. This paper provides insight into failure analysis techniques that have been adopted at Intel and discusses the evolution of software fault isolation techniques based on Design For Testability features, and other special techniques.

Software Research
Fast and Simple Computer Vision Face Tracking For Use in a Perceptual User Interface
by: Gary R. Bradski
Learn how Intel is paving the way for use of computer vision on your own PC. Intel's researchers have demonstrated the use of a computer vision color-tracking algorithm as part of a perceptual user interface that tracks in real time.
Proving the IEEE Correctness of Iterative Floating-Point Square Root, Divide, and Remainder Algorithms
by: Marius Cornea-Hasegan
Floating-point divide, remainder, and square root are three important operations performed by computing systems today. The viability of software alternatives to current hardware implementations of these floating-point operations is demonstrated in this paper. The proposed algorithms are comparable in performance to current hardware implementations.
Multimedia H.323 Standards
Demystifying Multimedia Conferencing Over the Internet Using the H.323 Set of Standards
By: James Toga and Hani ElGebaly
Recommendation H.323 from the International Telecommunications Union sets standards for multimedia communication over packet-based networks. The H.323 standard defines how PCs can interoperate to share audio and video streams over computer networks, including the Internet. Learn about the core H.323 components, their functionality, and the current industry trends based on the H.323 standard such as IP telephony and corporate conferencing.
Characterization of Multimedia Streams of an H.323 Terminal
by: Hani ElGebaly
Desktop video conferencing for telecommuting, corporate meetings, call centers at banks and shopping centers are the way of the future. This paper presents a characterization for video and audio traffic transported over the Internet by multimedia conferencing applications following the H.323 set of standards.


	Failure Analysis An Overview of Advanced Failure Analysis Techniques for Pentium® and Pentium® Pro Microprocessors Software Research Computer Vision Face Tracking For Use in a Perceptual User Interface Proving the IEEE Correctness of Iterative Floating-Point Square Root, Divide, and Remainder Algorithms Multimedia H.323 Standards Demystifying Multimedia Conferencing Over the Internet Using the H.323 Set of Standards Characterization of Multimedia Streams of an H.323 Terminal				Lin Chao Editor Intel Technology Journal This Q2'98 issue of the Intel Technology Journal focuses on failure analysis testing methodologies used at Intel and software-based research in computer vision, floating-point operations, and H.323 set of standards for multimedia communications. Failure analysis is one of the key competencies in Intel and is essential to Intel's steep product ramp and high-volume manufacturing. The first paper in this issue describes failure analysis techniques used to detect and localize flaws in the silicon manufacturing process. Intel actively pursues technologies that expand computing and telecommunication capabilities in PCs. The other papers in this issue describe new software-based research that contributes to this expansion. The second paper is on computer vision. Helping computers to "see" is just one aspect of broader research into a "perceptual interface" for PCs where computers can "speak", "sense" touch, and in the case of this paper, "see." This paper describes the development of a 4-degree of freedom color object tracker. Included with this paper are three video clips showing the abilities of the head-tracking software. Floating-point divide, remainder, and square root are three important operations performed by computers today. The third paper describes research into software alternatives to the hardware implementation of floating-point operations. This paper describes some of the general properties of floating-point computations, and proves the IEEE correctness of iterative algorithms that calculate the square root of a floating-point number. The fourth and fifth papers describe an important industry standard, H.323, for multimedia communication over packet-based networks. The fourth paper, co-authored by the Chair of the H.323 Interoperability Group, presents an overview of the H.323 core components and functionality. IP telephony is an important industry trend, and the role of H.323 procedures in deploying IP telephony are explained. The fifth paper presents a characterization of video and audio traffic transported over the Internet by video conferencing applications following the H.323 standards. This paper looks at the multimedia traffic sources of a H.323 terminal. Issues such as packet format and multiplexing of audio and video frames at the host are studied. We welcome your comments about the Journal and its papers.
	Failure Analysis An Overview of Advanced Failure Analysis Techniques for Pentium and Pentium Pro Microprocessors by: Yeoh Eng Hong, Lim Seong Leong, Wong Yik Choong, Lock Choon Hou, and Mahmud Adnan Failure analysis is one of the key competencies in Intel and is essential to Intel's steep product ramp and high-volume manufacturing. The increasing complexity of microprocessors in the form of more complex architecture designs, shrinking transistor feature sizes, and new packaging technologies has significantly increased the challenge for failure analysis. This paper provides insight into failure analysis techniques that have been adopted at Intel and discusses the evolution of software fault isolation techniques based on Design For Testability features, and other special techniques. Software Research Fast and Simple Computer Vision Face Tracking For Use in a Perceptual User Interface by: Gary R. Bradski Learn how Intel is paving the way for use of computer vision on your own PC. Intel's researchers have demonstrated the use of a computer vision color-tracking algorithm as part of a perceptual user interface that tracks in real time. Proving the IEEE Correctness of Iterative Floating-Point Square Root, Divide, and Remainder Algorithms by: Marius Cornea-Hasegan Floating-point divide, remainder, and square root are three important operations performed by computing systems today. The viability of software alternatives to current hardware implementations of these floating-point operations is demonstrated in this paper. The proposed algorithms are comparable in performance to current hardware implementations. Multimedia H.323 Standards Demystifying Multimedia Conferencing Over the Internet Using the H.323 Set of Standards By: James Toga and Hani ElGebaly Recommendation H.323 from the International Telecommunications Union sets standards for multimedia communication over packet-based networks. The H.323 standard defines how PCs can interoperate to share audio and video streams over computer networks, including the Internet. Learn about the core H.323 components, their functionality, and the current industry trends based on the H.323 standard such as IP telephony and corporate conferencing. Characterization of Multimedia Streams of an H.323 Terminal by: Hani ElGebaly Desktop video conferencing for telecommuting, corporate meetings, call centers at banks and shopping centers are the way of the future. This paper presents a characterization for video and audio traffic transported over the Internet by multimedia conferencing applications following the H.323 set of standards.